Guia do Linux/Iniciante+Intermediário/Comandos diversos: diferenças entre revisões
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= Capítulo 10 - Comandos Diversos =
Comandos de uso diversos no sistema.
{| {{prettytable}}
|'''Comando'''
|'''Descrição'''
|-
|alias
|Cria um alias
|-
|apropos <palavra>
|Procura nos manuais por <palavra>
|-
|at HH:MM
|Executa uma tarefa na hora e minutos especificados
|-
|awk
|Manipulação de texto em arquivo(s)
|-
|break
|Termina um loop
|-
|builtin
|Run a shell builtin
|-
|bunzip2
|Decomprime arquivo no formato bzip2
|-
|bzip2
|Comprime arquivo no formato bzip2
|-
|cal
|Mostra um calendário
|-
|case
|Execução condicional de comando
|-
|cat
|Exibe arquivos na saída padrão (''standard output'')
|-
|cd
|Muda diretório
|-
|cfdisk
|Manipulador de ''partition table''
|-
|chgrp
|Mudança de grupo
|-
|chmod
|Muda permissões de acesso
|-
|chown
|Muda dono e grupo do arquivo
|-
|chroot
|Executa um comando com um diretório raiz diferente
|-
|chvt
|Muda o terminal virtual
|-
|cksum
|Exibe ''CRC checksum'' e contador de ''bytes''
|-
|clear
|Limpa a tela do terminal
|-
|cmp
|Compara dois arquivos
|-
|comm
|Compara dois arquivos ordenados linha por linha
|-
|command
|Executa um comando, ignorando funções do ''shell''
|-
|compress
|Comprime arquivos
|-
|continue
|Passa para o próximo passo de um loop, ignorando comandos seguintes
|-
|convmv
|Script em [[Perl]] que converte nomes de arquivos entre convenções diferentes
|-
|cp
|Copia arquivo(s)
|-
|cron
|''Daemon'' para executar comandos em dias ou horas pre-definidos
|-
|crontab
|Exibe ou atualiza a tabela de tarefas executadas pelo ''daemon'' cron
|-
|csplit
|Quebra um arquivo em partes
|-
|cut
|Divide um arquivo em várias partes
|-
|date
|Display or change the date & time
|-
|dc
|Desk Calculator
|-
|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dd_(Unix) dd]
|Data Dump - Convert and copy a file
|-
|declare
|Declare variables and give them attributes
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File System Utilities#df|df]]
|Display free disk space
|-
|diff
|Display the differences between two files
|-
|diff3
|Show differences among three files
|-
|dir
|Briefly list directory contents
|-
|dircolors
|Colour setup for `ls'
|-
|dirname
|Convert a full pathname to just a path
|-
|dirs
|Display list of remembered directories
|-
|du
|Estimate file space usage
|-
|echo
|Display message on screen
|-
|ed
|A line-oriented text editor (edlin)
|-
|egrep
|Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
|-
|eject
|Eject CD-ROM
|-
|enable
|Enable and disable builtin shell commands
|-
|env
|Disp, set, or remove environment variables
|-
|eval
|Evaluate several commands/arguments
|-
|exec
|Execute a command
|-
|exit
|Exit the shell
|-
|expand
|Convert tabs to spaces
|-
|export
|Set an environment variable
|-
|expr
|Evaluate expressions
|-
|factor
|Print prime factors
|-
|false
|Do nothing, unsuccessfully
|-
|fdformat
|Low-level format a floppy disk
|-
|fdisk
|Partition table manipulator for Linux
|-
|fgrep
|Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File Analysing#file|file]]
|Determine type of file
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/Finding Files#find|find]]
|Search for files that meet a desired criteria
|-
|fmt
|Reformat paragraph text
|-
|fold
|Wrap text to fit a specified width.
|-
|for
|Expand words, and execute commands
|-
|format
|Format disks or tapes
|-
|free
|Disp, s memory usage
|-
|fsck
|Filesystem consistency check and repair.
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/Devices#fstat|fstat]]
|List open files
|-
|function
|Define Function Macros
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/Devices#fuser|fuser]]
|Identify process using file
|-
|gawk
|Find and Replace text within file(s)
|-
|getopts
|Parse positional parameters
|-
|grep
|Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
|-
|groups
|Print group names a user is in
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File Compression#gunzip|gunzip]]
|Decompress file(s) from GNU zip format
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File Compression#gzcat|gzcat]]
|Show contents of compressed file(s)
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File Compression#gzip|gzip]]
|Compress file(s) to GNU zip format
|-
|hash
|Remember the full pathname of a name argument
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File Viewing#head|head]]
|Output the first part of file(s)
|-
|history
|Command History
|-
|hostname
|Print or set system name
|-
|iconv
|Converts the encoding of characters from one code page encoding scheme to another.
|-
|id
|Print user and group id's
|-
|if
|Conditionally perform a command
|-
|import
|Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/Getting Help#info|info]]
|Help info
|-
|install
|Copy files and set attributes
|-
|join
|Join lines on a common field
|-
|kill
|Stop a process from running
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File Viewing#less|less]]
|Display output one screen at a time
|-
|let
|Perform arithmetic on shell variables
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File System Utilities#ln|ln]]
|Make links between files
|-
|local
|Create variables
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/Finding Files#locate|locate]]
|Find files
|-
|logname
|Print current login name
|-
|logout
|Exit a login shell
|-
|lpc
|Line printer control program
|-
|lpr
|Off line print
|-
|lprint
|Print a file
|-
|lprintd
|Abort a print job
|-
|lprintq
|List the print queue
|-
|lprm
|Remove jobs from the print queue
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File System Utilities#ls|ls]]
|List information about file(s)
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File System Utilities#ll|ll]]
|#ls -l List information about file(s)
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/Devices#lsof|lsof]]
|List open files
|-
|m4
|Macro processor
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/Getting Help#makewhatis|makewhatis]]
|Rebuild whatis database
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/Getting Help#man|man]]
|Print manual pages
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File System Utilities#mkdir|mkdir]]
|Create new folder(s)
|-
|mkfifo
|Make FIFOs (named pipes)
|-
|mknod
|Make block or character special files
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File Viewing#more|more]]
|Display output one screen at a time
|-
|mount
|Mount a file system
|-
|mtools
|Manipulate MS-DOS files
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File System Utilities#mv|mv]]
|Move or rename files or directories
|-
|netconfig
|Configure your network
|-
|nice
|Set the priority of a command or job
|-
|nl
|Number lines and write files
|-
|nohup
|Run a command immune to hangup
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File Viewing#od|od]]
|View binary files
|-
|passwd
|Modify a user password
|-
|paste
|Merge lines of files
|-
|pathchk
|Check file name portability
|-
|popd
|Restore the previous value of the current directory
|-
|pr
|Convert text files for printing
|-
|printcap
|Printer capability database
|-
|printenv
|Print environment variables
|-
|printf
|Format and print data
|-
|ps
|Process status
|-
|pushd
|Save and then change the current directory
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File System Utilities#pwd|pwd]]
|Print Working Directory
|-
|quota
|Display disk usage and limits
|-
|quotacheck
|Scan a file system for disk usage
|-
|quotactl
|Set disk quotas
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File Compression#pax|pax]]
|Archive file(s)
|-
|ram
|ram disk device
|-
|rcp
|Copy files between two machines.
|-
|read
|read a line from standard input
|-
|readonly
|Mark variables/functions as readonly
|-
|remsync
|Synchronize remote files via email
|-
|return
|Exit a shell function
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File System Utilities#rm|rm]]
|Remove (delete) files
|-
|rmdir
|Remove folder(s)
|-
|rpm
|RPM Package Manager (was RedHat Package Manager)
|-
|rsync
|Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
|-
|screen
|Terminal window manager
|-
|sdiff
|Merge two files interactively
|-
|sed
|Stream Editor
|-
|select
|Accept keyboard input
|-
|seq
|Print numeric sequences
|-
|set
|Manipulate shell variables and functions
|-
|shift
|Shift positional parameters
|-
|shopt
|Shell Options
|-
|shutdown
|Shutdown or restart linux
|-
|sleep
|Delay for a specified time
|-
|sort
|Sort text files
|-
|source
|Run commands from a file `.'
|-
|split
|Split a file into fixed-size pieces
|-
|strings
|print the strings of printable characters in (binary) files.
|-
|su
|Substitute user identity
|-
|sum
|Print a checksum for a file
|-
|symlink
|Make a new name for a file
|-
|sync
|Synchronize data on disk with memory
|-
|tac
|Print files out in reverse line order
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File Viewing#tail|tail]]
|Output the last part of files
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File Compression#tar|tar]]
|Tape ARchiver
|-
|tee
|Redirect output to multiple files
|-
|test
|Evaluate a conditional expression
|-
|time
|Measure Program Resource Use
|-
|times
|User and system times
|-
|timidity
|Play midi files and set up software synth to play midi files with other commands.
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File System Utilities#touch|touch]]
|Change file timestamps
|-
|top
|List processes running on the system
|-
|traceroute
|Trace Route to Host
|-
|trap
|Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
|-
|tr
|Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
|-
|true
|Do nothing, successfully
|-
|tsort
|Topological sort
|-
|tty
|Print filename of terminal on stdin
|-
|type
|Describe a command
|-
|ulimit
|Limit user resources
|-
|umask
|Users file creation mask
|-
|umount
|Unmount a filesystem
|-
|unalias
|Remove an alias
|-
|uname
|Print system information
|-
|unexpand
|Convert spaces to tabs
|-
|uniq
|Uniquify files (remove all duplicate lines)
|-
|units
|Convert units from one scale to another
|-
|unset
|Remove variable or function names
|-
|unshar
|Unpack shell archive scripts
|-
|until
|Execute commands (until error)
|-
|useradd
|Create new user account
|-
|usermod
|Modify user account
|-
|users
|List users currently logged in
|-
|uuencode
|Encode a binary file into 7-bit ASCII characters
|-
|uudecode
|Decode a file created by uuencode
|-
|v
|Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
|-
|vdir
|Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
|-
|watch
|Execute/display a program periodically
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/Getting Help#whatis|whatis]]
|List manual pages by name
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File Analysing#wc|wc]]
|Print byte, word, and line counts of a file
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/Finding Files#whereis|whereis]]
|Report all known instances of a command
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/Finding Files#which|which]]
|Locate a program file in the user's path.
|-
|while
|Execute commands
|-
|who
|Print all usernames currently logged in
|-
|whoami
|Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
|-
|xargs
|Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
|-
|yes
|Print a string until interrupted
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File Compression#zcat|zcat]]
|Show contents of compressed file(s)
|-
|[[Guide to UNIX/Commands/File Compression#zip|zip]]
|Compress and archive file(s) to zip format
|-
|.period
|Run commands from a file
|-
|<nowiki>###</nowiki>
|Comment / Remark
|}
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