Português/Fonema/Classificação das vogais: diferenças entre revisões

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{{navegação|[[Português|Índice]]|[[Português/Fonema/Classificação dos fonemas|Classificação dos Fonemas]]|[[Português/Fonema/Encontros vocálicos|Encontro Vocálico]]}}
As '''vogais''' são(do latim '''classificadas'vocalis'') são letras que quando produzidas, não há impedimento na passagem do ar. São classificadas de acordo com:
 
=== Zona de articulação ===
A parte da boca em que determinada vogal é pronunciada determina sua '''zona de articulação'''.
 
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* Posteriores: '''u''' (ex: ''p'''u'''xar''), '''ô''' (ex: '''''o'''lhar''), '''ó''' (ex: '''''o'''lhos'').
 
=== Oralidade e nasalidade ===
As vogais podem ser '''orais''', pronunciadas na cavidade bucal, apenas, ou '''nasais''', pronunciadas também nas cavidades nasais.
* Orais: '''a''', '''e''', '''i''', '''o''', '''u'''
* Nasais: '''ã''' (''an''/''am''), '''ẽ''' (''en''/''em''), '''ĩ''' (''in''/''im''), '''õ''' (''on''/''om''), '''ũ''' (''un''/''um'').
 
=== Intensidade ===
As vogais, dentro de uma palavra maior, podem ser '''tônicas''', pronunciadas de maneira mais forte, '''átonas''', pronunciadas de maneira fraca, e '''subtônicas''' (também chamadas '''tônicas secundárias'''), tônicas mais fracas que a tônica principal.
* Tônicas: ''Tu'''pi''''', ''l'''u'''z''.
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* Átonas: ''el'''a''''', ''órf'''ã'''''.
 
=== Comprimento ===
As vogais podem ser '''longas''' ou '''curtas''', dependendo do tempo que elas são pronunciadas em relação à maioria das vogais. Curiosamente, o português não marca de forma alguma o comprimento vocálico em suas palavras (pois a maioria absoluta das vogais são curtas), mas é comum que sejam percebidas vogais longas em algumas palavras, mas apenas em alguns dialetos.
* Curtas: ''c'''o'''m'''i''''', '''''a'''nd'''o'''''.
* Longas: ''sorr'''i'''s'', ''fun'''i'''s'', '''''à''''' (em alguns dialetos, apenas)
 
=== Timbre ===
* Aberto: ''a'', ''é'', ''o''
* Fechado: ''ê'', ''ô'', ''i'', ''u'' e as nasais.
* Reduzido: vogais átonas orais ou nasais.
 
=== Tabela de vogais ===
{| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding=0 style="text-align:center; background:transparent;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
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Aqui está a tabela das vogais conforme o alfabeto fonético internacional:
 
{| cellspacing="0px" cellpadding=0 style="text-align:center; background:transparent;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
| style="width:100px; text-align:right;" |
| style="width:60px; font-size:smaller;" | '''Anterior'''
| style="width:60px; font-size:smaller;" | '''Quase Anterior'''
| style="width:60px; font-size:smaller;" | '''Central'''
| style="width:60px; font-size:smaller;" | '''Quase Posterior'''
| style="width:60px; font-size:smaller;" | '''Posterior'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Fechada'''
| style="height:210px;" colspan=5 rowspan=7 | <div style="position:relative;width:300px;height:210px;">[[Image:Blank vowel trapezoid.png|300px]]<div style="background:transparent; position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px;">
{| style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;"
|-
| style="width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;" |
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:5%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''i''' - '''y'''</font></span></div>
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:45%; width:2.5em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''ɨ''' - '''ʉ'''</font></span></div>
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:82%; width:3em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''u''' - '''ɯ'''</font></span></div>
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:16%; width:2.66em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''e''' - '''ø'''</font></span></div>
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:50%; width:2.66em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''ɘ''' - '''ɵ'''</font></span></div>
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:57%; width:1em; top:43%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''ə'''</font></span></div>
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:83%; width:2.66em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''o''' - '''ɤ'''</font></span></div>
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:25%; width:3.5em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''ɛ''' - '''œ'''</font></span></div>
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:84%; width:2.33em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''ʌ''' - '''ɔ'''</font></span></div>
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:56%; width:2.8em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''ɜ''' - '''ɞ'''</font></span></div>
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:64%; width:1em; top:73%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''ɐ'''</font></span></div>
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:40%; width:1em; top:73%; height:1.4em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''æ'''</font></span></div>
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:44%; width:2.8em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''a''' - '''ɶ'''</font></span></div>
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:82%; width:2.8em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''ɑ''' - '''ɒ'''</font></span></div>
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:70%; width:1em; top:14%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''ʊ'''</font></span></div>
 
<div style="position:absolute; left:25%; width:2.8em; top:14%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;" class="nounderlines"><span title="AFI" style="font-family:Code2000, Gentium, Doulos SIL, Gentium Alternative, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Bitstream Cyberbit, GentiumAlt, Chrysanthi Unicode, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode;"><font style="color:blue;">'''ɪ''' - '''ʏ'''</font></span></div>
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</div></div>
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Quase fechada'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Semifechada'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Média'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Semiaberta'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Quase aberta'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Aberta'''
|}
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