Wikilivros

Predefinição:Referência/doc: diferenças entre revisões

Predefinição Discussão

Predefinição:Referência/doc (editar)

Revisão das 05h10min de 30 de agosto de 2010

34 433 bytes removidos ,  30 de agosto de 2010
←Replaced content with '{{Citation |publisher = Publications Division, Ministry of Information... |publication-place = New Delhi |title = Our freedom movement ...'
[edição não verificada][edição não verificada]
imported>LeadSongDog
(fix broken link)
(←Replaced content with '{{Citation |publisher = Publications Division, Ministry of Information... |publication-place = New Delhi |title = Our freedom movement ...')
{{Documentation subpage}}
<!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE -->
 
{{For2|the {{Fact}} template|{{Tl|Citation needed}}}}
The '''Citation''' template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.
 
If invoked with the right parameters, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{tl|cite book}} and {{tl|cite web}}. The default behavior sometimes differs from that of the Cite templates; for example, this template by default generates anchors for [[Harvard reference]]s whereas the Cite templates do not (although they can be made to do so), and this template by default uses commas to separate some fields that the Cite templates separate with periods (full stops).
 
All parameter names are [[lowercase]].
 
==Anchored citations==
 
This template can generate a citation that can be combined with [[WP:CITESHORT|shortened footnotes]] or [[Wikipedia:Parenthetical referencing|parenthetical referencing]]. It does this by creating an [[HTML element#Anchor|HTML anchor]] containing an ID. The special parameter {{para|ref|harv}} generates an ID suitable for [[Harvard referencing]] templates such as {{tl|harv}} as specified in the next section; this is the default for the {{tl|citation}} template. If an empty {{para|ref}} is given, no anchor is generated; this is the default for the Cite templates such as {{tl|cite book}} and {{tl|cite news}}. You can also specify the ID directly, using the {{para|ref|<var>ID</var>}} parameter. For example, suppose an article's ''References'' section contains the markup:
* <code><nowiki>{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |year=1930 |ref=CivDis}}</nowiki></code>
which generates the citation:
* {{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |year=1930 |ref=CivDis}}
Then, the markup "<code><nowiki>([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])</nowiki></code>" generates a parenthetical reference "([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink).
 
===Anchors for Harvard referencing templates===
 
IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as {{tl|harv}} are computed from the last names of the authors and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "<code><nowiki>{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</nowiki></code>" generates the Harvard reference "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below:
* <code><nowiki>{{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R.H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |year=1851 |oclc=59510372 }}</nowiki></code>
* {{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R.H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |year=1851 |oclc=59510372 }}
In this example the {{tl|citation}} template defines, and the {{tl|harv}} template uses, the HTML ID "<code>CITEREFWrightEvans1851</code>", composed by concatenating the string "<code>CITEREF</code>" with the last names of the authors and the year. The {{tl|harvid}} template can be used to generate such IDs, for example, <code><nowiki>{{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}}</nowiki></code> generates "<code>{{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}}</code>".
 
The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead. For [[#Citing patents|patents]], inventor names are used instead of authors or editors. If these names are not given, this template does not generate an anchor.
 
Last names are used, as specified by the parameters {{para|last1}} (or {{para|last}}), {{para|last2}}, {{para|last3}}, and {{para|last4}}, and similarly for {{para|editor1-last}} etc. and for {{para|inventor1-last}} etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "<code><nowiki>{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=The Ego and the Id |year=1923}}</nowiki></code>" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "<code><nowiki>{{harv|Freud|1923}}</nowiki></code>". To make these {{tl|citation}} and {{tl|harv}} invocations compatible, either replace "{{para|author|Sigmund Freud}}" with "{{para|first|Sigmund}} {{para|last|Freud}}", or add "{{para|ref|<nowiki>{{harvid|Freud|1923}}</nowiki>}}" to the {{tl|citation}} invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "{{para|ref|EgoId}}") to both the {{tl|citation}} and the {{tl|harv}} invocations.
 
Similarly, the year is used, as specified by {{para|year}}. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from {{para|date}} (or, if no date is given, from {{para|publication-date}}) by applying the [[m:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23time:|MediaWiki #time function]]. This heuristic works with many common date formats but has known problems, so when in doubt it is safer to use {{para|year}}.
 
===IDs must be unique===
 
Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with {{tl|harv}}-compatible IDs:
 
* {{Citation |last1=Montes |first1=G |last2=Halterman |first2=JS |year=2008a |journal=Pediatrics |volume=121 |issue=4 |pages=e821–6 |title=Association of childhood autism spectrum disorders and loss of family income |doi=10.1542/peds.2007-1594 |pmid=18381511 |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/121/4/e821 }}
* {{Citation |last1=Montes |first1=G |last2=Halterman |first2=JS |year=2008b |journal=Pediatrics |volume=122 |issue=1 |pages=e202–8 |title=Child care problems and employment among families with preschool-aged children with autism in the United States |doi=10.1542/peds.2007-3037 |pmid=18595965 |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/122/1/e202 }}
 
If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "<code>CITEREFMontesHalterman2008</code>". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, ''e.g.'', "{{para|year|2008a}}" and "{{para|year|2008b}}", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes.
 
It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the [[W3C Markup Validation Service]]; see ''[[#External links|External links]]''.
 
==Citing books==
===Parameters (all are optional)===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|<pre>{{Citation
|last=
|first=
|author=
|authorlink=
|coauthors=
|firstn=,lastn=,authorn=
|author-separator=
|editor=
|editorn=
|editorn-last=
|editorn-first=
|editor-link=
|editorn-link=
|others=
|title=
|url=
|archiveurl=
|archivedate=
|format=
|accessdate=
|edition=
|series=
|volume=
|date=
|origyear=
|year=
|month=
|publisher=
|location=
|language=
|isbn=
|oclc=
|doi=
|doi_brokendate=
|bibcode=
|id=
|page=
|pages=
|nopp=
|at=
|chapter=
|chapterurl=
|quote=
|laysummary=
|laydate=
|separator=
|postscript=
|lastauthoramp=
|ref=
}}
</pre>
|
* '''last''' (or '''last1'''): The author's surname or last name.
* '''first''' (or '''first1'''): The author's first or given name(s).
* '''author''' (or '''author1'''): The author's name, if not in the last/first format.
* '''author-link''' (or '''author1-link'''): Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first author.
* '''last2''', '''last3''', '''last4''': The second, third, and fourth authors' surname or last name, if applicable.
* '''first2''', '''first3''', '''first4''': The second, third, and fourth authors' first or given name(s), if applicable.
* '''author2''', '''author3''', '''author4''': The second, third, and fourth authors' names, if applicable.
* '''author2-link''', '''author3-link''', '''author4-link''': Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the second, third, and fourth author, if applicable.
* '''author-separator''': override the default semi-colon that separates authors' names.
* '''author-name-separator''': override the default comma that separates authors' names.
* '''display-authors''': Truncate the list of authors at an arbitrary point with "''et al''". Still include the first 9 authors to allow metadata to be generated.
* '''publication-date''' (or '''date'''): Date<ref group="n" name="dates" /> of publication.
* '''date''': Date<ref group="n" name="dates" /> of authorship, if different from date of publication. If only ''date'' is used, it will be treated as the date of publication.
* '''year''': Year of authorship or publication. (Mandatory for use with links from [[:Template:Harvard citation]]. In some situations, the template may be able to derive a year from the full ''date''.)
* '''origyear''': Year of first publication, if different.
* '''title''': Title of the book. If the title includes [square brackets], these must be encoded as "<code>&amp;#91;</code>" for "[" and "<code>&amp;#93;</code>" for "]"
* '''edition''': Number or name of the edition, if not the first; for example: ''edition''=2nd.
* '''volume''': The volume number of a multi-volume book.
* '''series''': The book series of which this book is a part.
* '''publication-place''' (or '''place'''): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. If the city is not well-known, you may add a county, region, or state. States in the U.S. are denoted by a two-letter code; for example: <code>place=Paris, TX</code> (no period at the end). Where the publisher is a university and the place or location is included in the name of the university, do not use this parameter.
* '''place''': City in which the work was made, if different from the city of publication. If only ''place'' is used, it will be treated as the city of publication.
* '''publisher''': The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as ''Publishers'', ''Co.'', ''Inc.'', ''Ltd.'', etc., but retain the words ''Books'' or ''Press''.
* '''pages''': For use when multiple pages are cited. Adds "pp." before the page numbers. Do not use with '''page'''.
* '''page''': For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with '''pages'''.
* '''nopp''': if set to any value, <code>page=/pages=</code> do not generate 'p.' or 'pp.'. E.g. <code>nopp=true</code>. Using <code>at=</code> has the same effect.
* '''at''': Position within the resource when <code>page=/pages=</code> is inappropriate, e.g. <code>at</code>=para. 14 (when citing a source without page numbers) or <code>at</code>=02:56 (a film or audio timestamp), or <code>at</code>=no. 456 (something in a numbered list). This parameter is ignored if <code>page=</code>/<code>pages=</code> is specified.
* '''id''': Identifier such as ''<nowiki>ISBN 1–111–22222–9</nowiki>''
* '''isbn''': Use this parameter if the book has an ISBN.
* '''doi''': A [[digital object identifier]] such as ''<nowiki>10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001</nowiki>''.
** '''doi_brokendate''': Date<ref group="n" name="dates" /> on which the DOI was observed to be not functioning.
* '''oclc''': [[Online Computer Library Center]] ID number, such as ''3185581'' (superfluous when ISBN is given).
* '''url''': An [[url]] of an online location where the book can be found.
* archive parameters ''(if used, must be used both of them together)''
** '''archiveurl''': The URL of an [[Web archiving|archived]] copy of a web page, if (or in case) the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like [[WebCite]] and [[Internet Archive|Archive.org]].
** '''archivedate''': Date when the item was archived. Should not be wikilinked.
* '''accessdate''': Date<ref group="n" name="dates" /> when the url was accessed.
* '''separator''': specifies the punctuation mark used to separate certain fields. This defaults to a comma; the 'Cite xxx' family of templates uses a period.
* '''laysummary''': URL of a lay summary, which could be in a popular science magazine or newspaper.
* '''laydate''': The date<ref group="n" name="dates" /> of publication or, where this is not available, date of retrieval of the lay summary.
* '''postscript''': Set terminal punctuation. Omit or leave blank to remove the trailing full stop. Punctuation specified by this parameter will appear within the cite span, and consequently before any icons added by metadata-using software (e.g. library browser plugins). Hence this parameter should be used instead of manually appending data to the citation. This parameter is ignored if {{para|quote}} is specified, when {{para|postscript|.}} is forced.
* '''lastauthoramp''': If supplied, whether or not assigned a value, places an ampersand (&amp;) before the last name of final author, if more than one author is supplied. Recommended usage is ''lastauthoramp=yes''.
* '''ref''': ID for Harvard references; see ''[[#Anchors for Harvard referencing templates|Anchors for Harvard referencing templates]]''.
|}
 
===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|One author
|<pre>
{{ Citation
| last=Turner
| first=O.
| title=History of the Pioneer
Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's
Purchase, and Morris' Reserve
| publisher=William Alling
| place=Rochester, New York
| year=1851
| url = http://olivercowdery.com/texts/1851Trn1.htm#turn1851
}}
</pre>
|{{ Citation
| last=Turner
| first=O.
| title=History of the Pioneer Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's Purchase, and Morris' Reserve
| publisher=William Alling
| place=Rochester, New York
| year=1851
| url = http://olivercowdery.com/texts/1851Trn1.htm#turn1851
}}
|-
|Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&amp;) forced before final author's name.
|<pre>
{{ Citation
| last1=Lincoln
| first1=A.
| last2=Washington
| first2=G.
| last3=Adams
| first3=J.
| lastauthoramp=yes
| title=All the Presidents' Names
| publisher=The Pentagon
| place=Home Base, New York
| volume=XII
| edition=2nd
| year=2007
}}
</pre>
|{{ Citation
| last1=Lincoln
| first1=A.
| last2=Washington
| first2=G.
| last3=Adams
| first3=J.
| lastauthoramp=yes
| title=All the Presidents' Names
| publisher=The Pentagon
| place=Home Base, New York
| volume=XII
| edition=2nd
| year=2007
}}
|}
 
==Citing journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals==
===Parameters===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|<pre>
{{Citation
|publisher = Publications Division, Ministry of Information...
| last =
|publication-place = New Delhi
| first =
|title = Our freedom movement
| author-link =
|url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL20065530M/Our_freedom_movement.
| publication-date =
|author = S. D. Sawant
| date =
|edition = Our freedom movement.
| year =
|publication-date = 1973
| title =
}}
| periodical =
| series =
| publication-place =
| place =
| publisher =
| volume =
| issue =
| pages =
| page =
| at =
| url =
| archiveurl =
| archivedate =
| issn =
| pmid =
| pmc =
| doi =
| oclc =
| accessdate =
| postscript =
| ref =
}}
</pre>
|{{Citation parameter legend |trans_title=no |postscript=citation }}
|}
 
===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Journal article
|<pre>
{{Citation
| last=Hill
| first=Marvin S.
| title=Joseph Smith and the 1826
Trial: New Evidence and New
Difficulties
| journal=BYU Studies
| volume=12
| issue=2
| year=1976
| pages=1–8
| url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/
shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf
}}
</pre>
|{{Citation
| last=Hill
| first=Marvin S.
| title=Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties
| journal=BYU Studies
| volume=12
| issue=2
| year=1976
| pages=1–8
| url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf
}}
|-
|Newspaper article
|<pre>
{{Citation
| last=Smith
| first=Joseph III
| author-link=Joseph Smith III
| title=Last Testimony of Sister Emma
| newspaper=The Saints' Herald
| publication-place=Plano, IL
| volume=26
| issue=19
| date=October 1, 1879
| year=1879
| month=October
| page=289
| url=http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/
dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179
}}
</pre>
|{{Citation
| last=Smith
| first=Joseph III
| author-link=Joseph Smith III
| title=Last Testimony of Sister Emma
| newspaper=The Saints' Herald
| publication-place=Plano, IL
| volume=26
| issue=19
| date=October 1, 1879
| year=1879
| month=October
| page=289
| url=http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179
}}
|}
 
==Citing edited books, or parts of edited books, including encyclopedias and encyclopedia articles==
===Parameters===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|<pre>
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| year =
| date =
| publication-date =
| contribution =
| contribution-url =
| editor-last =
| editor-first =
| editor-link =
| editor2-last =
| editor2-first =
| editor2-link =
| title =
| edition =
| series =
| place =
| publication-place =
| publisher =
| volume =
| pages =
| id =
| isbn =
| doi =
| oclc =
| url =
| ref =
}}
</pre>
|
* '''last''' (or '''last1'''): The first author's surname or last name.
* '''first''' (or '''first1'''): The first author's first or given name(s).
* '''author''' (or '''author1'''): The author's name, if not in the last/first format.
* '''author-link''' (or '''author1-link'''): Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first author.
* '''last2''', '''last3''', '''last4''': The second, third, and fourth authors' surname or last name, if applicable.
* '''first2''', '''first3''', '''first4''': The second, third, and fourth authors' first or given name(s), if applicable.
* '''author2''', '''author3''', '''author4''': The second, third, and fourth authors' names, if applicable.
* '''author2-link''', '''author3-link''', '''author4-link''': Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the second, third, and fourth author, if applicable.
* '''year''': Year of authorship or publication. (Mandatory for use with links from [[:Template:Harvard citation]]. In some situations, the template may be able to derive a year from the full date.)
* '''date''': Date<ref group="n" name="dates" /> of authorship or publication.
* '''publication-date''': Date<ref group="n" name="dates" /> of publication (if different from ''date'').
* '''contribution''' (or '''chapter'''): Title of the contribution or chapter.
* '''contribution-url''' (or '''chapter-url'''): URL of the contribution or chapter.
* '''editor-last''' (or '''editor1-last'''): The first editor's surname or last name.
* '''editor-first''' (or '''editor1-first'''): The first editor's first or given name(s).
* '''editor-link''' (or '''editor1-link'''): Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first editor.
* '''editor2-last''', '''editor3-last''', '''editor4-last''': The second, third, and fourth editor' surname or last name, if applicable.
* '''editor2-first''', '''editor3-first''', '''editor4-first''': The second, third, and fourth editors' first or given name(s), if applicable.
* '''editor2-link''', '''editor3-link''', '''editor4-link''': Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the second, third, and fourth editor, if applicable.
* '''title''': Title of the book or compilation. If the title includes [square brackets], these must be encoded as "<code>&amp;#91;</code>" for "[" and "<code>&amp;#93;</code>" for "]"
* '''edition''': Number or name of the edition, if not the first; for example: ''edition''=2nd.
* '''series''': Series of which this periodical is a part.
* '''volume''': The volume number of a multi-volume book or compilation.
* '''place''' (or '''location'''): The place where the article, encyclopedia entry, or other included item was created. Usually, this is collective work's city of publication; if not, then use the separate ''publication-place'' parameter. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. If the city is not well-known, you may add a county, region, or state. States in the U.S. are denoted by a two-letter code; for example: <code>place=Paris, TX</code> (no period at the end). Where the publisher is a university and the place or location is included in the name of the university, do not use this parameter.
* '''publication-place'''. The place where the collective work was published (if different from ''place'' or ''location'').
* '''publisher''': The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as ''Publishers'', ''Co.'', ''Inc.'', ''Ltd.'', etc., but retain the words ''Books'' or ''Press''.
* '''id''': Identifier such as ''<nowiki>ISBN 1–111–22222–9</nowiki>''
* '''isbn''': Use this parameter if the book or compilation has an ISBN.
* '''doi''': A [[digital object identifier]] such as ''<nowiki>10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001</nowiki>''.
* '''oclc''': [[Online Computer Library Center]] ID number, such as ''3185581'' (superfluous when ISBN is given).
* '''url''': An [[url]] of an online location where the source being cited can be found.
* '''accessdate''': Date<ref group="n" name="dates" /> when the url was accessed. The access date is only shown if "{{para|url}}" is used. The "{{para|accessdate}}" has no effect if "{{para|contribution-url}}" is used.
* '''ref''': ID for Harvard references; see ''[[#Anchors for Harvard referencing templates|Anchors for Harvard referencing templates]]''.
|}
 
===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Manuscript published in an edited compilation
|<pre>
{{Citation
| last=Bidamon
| first=Emma Smith
| author-link=Emma Hale Smith
| chapter=Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim
| date=March 27, 1876
| year=1876
| editor-last=Vogel
| editor-first=Dan
| title=Early Mormon Documents
| volume=1
| publisher=Signature Books
| publication-date=1996
| isbn=1–56085–072–8
}}
</pre>
|{{Citation
| last=Bidamon
| first=Emma Smith
| author-link=Emma Hale Smith
| chapter=Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim
| date=March 27, 1876
| year=1876
| editor-last=Vogel
| editor-first=Dan
| title=Early Mormon Documents
| volume=1
| publisher=Signature Books
| publication-date=1996
| isbn=1–56085–072–8
}}
|-
|Work with an editor but no author
|<pre>
{{Citation
| editor-last=Vogel
| editor-first=Dan
| title=Early Mormon Documents
| volume=1
| publisher=Signature Books
| publication-date=1996
| isbn=1–56085–072–8
}}
</pre>
|{{Citation
| editor-last=Vogel
| editor-first=Dan
| title=Early Mormon Documents
| volume=1
| publisher=Signature Books
| publication-date=1996
| isbn=1–56085–072–8
}}
|-
|Encyclopedia article by a named author
|<pre>
{{Citation
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians
and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| publication-date = 1999
| contribution-url = http://
www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/
BernardLewis.htm
}}
</pre>
|{{Citation
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| publication-date = 1999
| contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}
|-
|Encyclopedia article with no named author
|<pre>
{{Citation
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians
and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| year = 1999
| contribution-url = http://
www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/
BernardLewis.htm
}}
</pre>
|{{Citation
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| year = 1999
| contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}
|}
 
==Citing contributions, republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article==
===Parameters===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|<pre>
{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| year =
| date =
| publication-date =
| contribution =
| contribution-url =
| editor-last =
| editor-first =
| editor-link =
| editor2-last =
| editor2-first =
| editor2-link =
| title =
| periodical =
| series =
| volume =
| issue =
| pages =
| place =
| publication-place =
| publisher =
| id =
| issn =
| doi =
| oclc =
| url =
| accessdate =
| ref =
}}
</pre>
|
* '''last''' (or '''last1'''): The first author's surname or last name.
* '''first''' (or '''first1'''): The first author's first or given name(s).
* '''author''' (or '''author1'''): The author's name, if not in the last/first format.
* '''author-link''' (or '''author1-link'''): Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first author.
* '''last2''', '''last3''', '''last4''': The second, third, and fourth authors' surname or last name, if applicable.
* '''first2''', '''first3''', '''first4''': The second, third, and fourth authors' first or given name(s), if applicable.
* '''author2''', '''author3''', '''author4''': The second, third, and fourth authors' names, if applicable.
* '''author2-link''', '''author3-link''', '''author4-link''': Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the second, third, and fourth author, if applicable.
* '''year''': Year of authorship or publication. (Mandatory for use with links from [[:Template:Harvard citation]]. In some situations, the template may be able to derive a year from the full date.)
* '''date''': Date of authorship or publication.
* '''publication-date''': Date of publication (if different from ''date'').
* '''contribution''' (or '''chapter'''): Title of the contribution or chapter.
* '''contribution-url''' (or '''chapter-url'''): URL of the contribution or chapter.
* '''editor-last''' (or '''editor1-last'''): The first editor's surname or last name.
* '''editor-first''' (or '''editor2-first'''): The first editor's first or given name(s).
* '''editor-link''' (or '''editor1-link'''): Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first editor.
* '''editor2-last''', '''editor3-last''', '''editor4-last''': The second, third, and fourth editor' surname or last name, if applicable.
* '''editor2-first''', '''editor3-first''', '''editor4-first''': The second, third, and fourth editors' first or given name(s), if applicable.
* '''editor2-link''', '''editor3-link''', '''editor4-link''': Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the second, third, and fourth editor, if applicable.
* '''title''': Title of the book or compilation. If the title includes [square brackets], these must be encoded as "<code>&amp;#91;</code>" for "[" and "<code>&amp;#93;</code>" for "]"
* '''periodical''' (or '''journal''', '''newspaper''', '''magazine'''): Name of the periodical.
* '''series''': Series of which this periodical is a part.
* '''volume''': The volume number of the journal.
* '''issue''' (or '''number'''): The issue number of the journal.
* '''pages''' (''optional''): The pages in the issue where the article may be found.
* '''place''' (or '''location'''): The place where the article, encyclopedia entry, or other included item was created. Usually, this is collective work's city of publication; if not, then use the separate ''publication-place'' parameter. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. If the city is not well-known, you may add a county, region, or state. States in the U.S. are denoted by a two-letter code; for example: <code>place=Paris, TX</code> (no period at the end). Where the publisher is a university and the place or location is included in the name of the university, do not use this parameter.
* '''publication-place'''. The place where the collective work was published (if different from ''place'' or ''location'').
* '''id''': Identifier such as ''<nowiki>ISBN 1–111–22222–9</nowiki>''
* '''issn''': The eight-digit [[International Standard Serial Number]] (ISSN) identifying the journal.
* '''doi''': A [[digital object identifier]] such as ''<nowiki>10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001</nowiki>''.
* '''oclc''': [[Online Computer Library Center]] ID number, such as ''3185581'' (superfluous when ISBN is given).
* '''url''': An [[url]] of an online location where the book or compilation can be found.
* '''accessdate''': Date<ref group="n" name="dates" /> when the url was accessed.
* '''ref''': ID for Harvard references; see ''[[#Anchors for Harvard referencing templates|Anchors for Harvard referencing templates]]''.
|}
 
===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Manuscript edited and published in a journal
|<pre>
{{Citation
| last=Knight
| first=Joseph, Sr.
| year=1833
| editor-last=Jessee
| editor-first=Dean
| title=Joseph Knight's Recollection
of Early Mormon History
| journal=BYU Studies
| volume=17
| issue=1
| publication-date=1976
| pages=35
| url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/
shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf
}}</pre>
|{{Citation
| last=Knight
| first=Joseph, Sr.
| year=1833
| editor-last=Jessee
| editor-first=Dean
| title=Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History
| journal=BYU Studies
| volume=17
| issue=1
| publication-date=1976
| pages=35
| url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf
}}
|-
|Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor.
|<pre>
{{Citation
| last=Klingensmith
| first=Philip
| contribution=Affidavit
| year=1872
| date=September 5, 1872
| place=Lincoln County, Nevada
| title=Mountain Meadows Massacre
| editor-last=Toohy
| editor-first=Dennis J.
| journal=Corinne Daily Reporter
| publication-date=September 24, 1872
| publication-place=Corinne, Utah
| volume=5
| issue=252
| pages=1
| contribution-url=http://
udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359
}}
</pre>
|{{Citation
| last=Klingensmith
| first=Philip
| contribution=Affidavit
| year=1872
| date=September 5, 1872
| place=Lincoln County, Nevada
| title=Mountain Meadows Massacre
| editor-last=Toohy
| editor-first=Dennis J.
| journal=Corinne Daily Reporter
| publication-date=September 24, 1872
| publication-place=Corinne, Utah
| volume=5
| issue=252
| pages=1
| contribution-url=http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359
}}
|}
==Citing patents==
===Parameters (all are optional)===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|<pre>{{Citation
| inventor-last =
| inventor-first =
| inventorlink =
| inventor2-last =
| inventor2-first =
| inventorlink2 =
| publication-date =
| issue-date =
| title =
| country-code =
| description =
| patent-number =
}}</pre>
|
* '''inventor-last''' (or '''inventor1-last'''): The inventor's surname or last name.
* '''inventor-first''' (or '''inventor1-first'''): The inventor's first or given name(s).
* '''inventorlink''' (or '''inventorlink1'''): Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first inventor.
* '''inventor2-last''', '''inventor3-last''', '''inventor4-last''': The second, third, and fourth authors' surname or last name, if applicable.
* '''inventor2-first''', '''inventor3-first''', '''inventor4-first''': The second, third, and fourth inventors' first or given name(s), if applicable.
* '''inventorlink2''', '''inventorlink3''', '''inventorlink4''': Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the second, third, and fourth inventor, if applicable.
* '''publication-date''': Date of publication or filing.
* '''issue-date''' (or '''date'''): Date patent was issued by patent agency.
* '''title''': Title of the patent. If the title includes [square brackets], these must be encoded as "<code>&amp;#91;</code>" for "[" and "<code>&amp;#93;</code>" for "]"
* '''country-code''': [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2|Two-letter abbreviation]] of the country issuing the patent.
* '''description''': Type of patent; shown between country code and number.
* '''patent-number''': The number of the patent.
|}
 
===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"
|United States patent with multiple inventors
|<pre>
{{Citation
| inventor1-last = Degermark
| inventor1-first = Mikael
| inventor2-last = Brodnik
| inventor2-first = Andrej
| inventor3-last = Carlsson
| inventor3-first = Svante
| inventor4-last = Pink
| inventor4-first = Stephen
| title = Fast routing lookup system
using complete prefix tree, bit vector,
and pointers in a routing table for
determining where to route IP datagrams
| issue-date = 2001
| patent-number = 6266706
| country-code = US}}
</pre>
|{{Citation
| inventor1-first = Mikael | inventor1-last = Degermark
| inventor2-first = Andrej | inventor2-last = Brodnik
| inventor3-first = Svante | inventor3-last = Carlsson
| inventor4-first = Stephen | inventor4-last = Pink
| title = Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams
| issue-date = 2001
| patent-number = 6266706
| country-code = US}}
|}
 
==Dates==
<references group="n"><ref name="dates" group="n">
* The format of dates in the references of an article should use a consistent and unambiguous style. Example formats used in Wikipedia citations include:
:*''2009''
:*''2009-09-14''
:*''14 September 2009''
:*''September 14, 2009'' (with comma)
:*''2009 Sep 14''
:*''September 2009''
:*''Sept./Oct. 2009''
* As indicated above, month names are sometimes abbreviated (''e.g.'', September to "Sept" or "Sept." or "Sep" or "Sep.")
* Dates should not be linked in references.
* Please see ''[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)#Dates]]'' for more guidance about formatting dates.
</ref></references>
 
==Tools==
 
See [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Citation templates and tools]] for a list of tools which can help create a reference in the 'citation' format.
 
==COinS==
{{UF-COinS}}
 
==Additional parameters==
{{AuthorMask doc}}
 
<includeonly>
[[Category:Citation templates| ]]
 
[[da:Skabelon:Citation]]
[[eo:Ŝablono:Cito]]
[[es:Plantilla:Obra citada]]
[[eu:Txantiloi:Erreferentzia]]
[[gu:ઢાંચો:Citation]]
[[ko:틀:인용]]
[[ja:Template:Citation]]
[[no:mal:Citation]]
[[ro:Format:Citation]]
[[ru:Шаблон:Citation]]
[[sl:Predloga:Citat]]
[[sr:Шаблон:Citation]]
[[sv:Mall:Citation]]
[[th:แม่แบบ:Citation]]
[[tr:Şablon:Citation]]
[[zh:Template:Citation]]
</includeonly>
Utilizador anónimo
Obtido em "https://pt.wikibooks.org/wiki/Especial:MobileDiff/193595"