Finlandês/Substantivos: diferenças entre revisões

 

===Cases===

Finnish has fifteen noun [[Declension|cases]]: four grammatical cases, six locative cases, two essive cases (three in some Eastern dialects) and three marginal cases. Notice that the word in a given locative case modifies the verb, not a noun.

 

 

====Following numerals====

After numerals greater than one in the nominative singular, the noun is put in the partitive singular. Otherwise the noun agrees with the numeral in number and case.

 

===Noun/adjective stem types===

====Vowel stems====

Vowel stems are generally invariable. However, the ending vowel can change.

{|class="wikitable" border=1

 

====Consonant stems====

In general, Finnish does not borrow new consonant stems, but employs [[paragoge]]. However, older consonant stems are retained, in all forms if the consonant is alveolar (n, r, l, or s), e.g. ''tanner'' "solid ground". Former ''-m''-stems have merged with the n-stems in the nominative but not in the other cases, e.g. ''ydin'' "core", ''ytimet'' "cores". ''-h'' and ''-k'' stems have been abbreviated, but they still behave like consonant stems. In some dialects, the ''-h'' stems have shifted to ''-s'' instead, e.g. standard ''vene'', in Pohjanmaa ''venes'' ← ''veneh''. By analogy, in standard Finnish all words ending in 'e' behave as former ''-h'' stems. The [[illative case]] also changes form with a consonant stem, where the ending ''-hen'' is assibilated to ''-seen'', as ''-hen'' is the genitive.